A statistical validation of these proteins by genetic association analysis confirmed that 5 out of this AG set were robust candidate proteins able to modulate the seed SP synthesis. Eighteen AGs were correlated with the quantity of SPs per grain. These approaches led to the identification of discriminant and highly correlated features from the two datasets (AGs and SPs) which are not necessarily differentially expressed during seed development or in response to N or S supply. We used the block.splda procedure also referred to as DIABLO (Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent variable approaches for Omics studies). Then, data were integrated using a supervised approach taking into account the nutrition and the grain developmental stage. Relationships between AGs and SPs were first unraveled using the unsupervised method sparse Partial Least Square, also known as Projection to Latent Structure (sPLS). To identify such AGs, data, (published by Bonnot et al., 2017) concerning abundance in 352 AGs and in the different seed SPs during grain filling and in response to different nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) supply, were integrated with mixOmics R package. Some of these physiologically active proteins can influence the synthesis of storage proteins (SPs) (gliadins and glutenins) and consequently, rheological properties of wheat flour and processing. 4Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, UMR5219 Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse, FranceĪlbumins and globulins (AGs) of wheat endosperm represent about 20% of total grain proteins.3UMR GQE, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agro ParisTech, Université Paris-Sud – Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.2UMR1095, Genetics Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France.1UMR GDEC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Emmanuelle Bancel 1,2*, Titouan Bonnot 1,2†, Marlène Davanture 3, David Alvarez 1,2, Michel Zivy 3, Pierre Martre 1,2†, Sébastien Déjean 4 and Catherine Ravel 1,2
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